Dinamika Atmosfer pada Kejadian Banjir di Kota Kendari Maret 2024

Authors

  • Ayudya Safitri Program Studi Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Geografi, Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Rahmad Hidayat Program Studi Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Geografi, Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Nitrawati Bahir Program Studi Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Geografi, Universitas Halu Oleo
  • M. Tufaila Hemon Program Studi Pasca Sarjana Ilmu Geografi, Universitas Halu Oleo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36709/jppg.v10i4.552

Keywords:

flood, extreme rainfall, sea surface temperature, wind convergence, Madden-Julian Oscillation

Abstract

Atmospheric dynamics analysis is important in the context of tropical flooding because changes in wind, temperature, and humidity influence the intensity and location of extreme rainfall events that trigger hydrometeorological disasters. The massive flooding in Kendari City in March 2024 was causing economic losses and disrupting community activities. The objective of this study is to analyze the meteorological factors influencing the flooding in Kendari City in March 2024, focusing on atmospheric dynamics, sea surface temperature, wind patterns, and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity. The method used is a quantitative approach with descriptive analysis, based on rainfall data from three rain posts in Kendari City, Sea Surface Temperature data, Wind Direction and Speed ​​data at the 850 mb layer, and Outgoing Longwave Radiation data with a time period of March 2024. The results of the study indicate that the extreme rainfall that occurred on March 7, 2024 (170.6 mm) was triggered by a combination of three main factors, namely high sea surface temperatures (0.8oC - 1.8oC), wind convergence patterns in the Southeast Sulawesi region (the presence of wind eddies in the southern part of the Southeast Sulawesi region), and the activity of the MJO. This study can be a reference for local governments, communities, and academics in improving flood preparedness, mitigation, and management more effectively.

References

Adzan, M. A., Amanu, R. S., Kuswanaji, P., Amri, S., dan Saputro, O. R. A. Analisis Dinamika Atmosfer di Benua Maritim Indonesia saat Fase Aktif CENS dan MJO Selama 30 Tahun (1994-2023). EL-JUGHRAFIYAH, 5(1), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jej.v5i1.35655

Aldiansyah, S., and Wardani, F. (2023). Evaluation of flood Susceptibility Prediction Based on a Resampling Method Using Machine Learning. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(3), 937-961. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.494

Aldiansyah, S., Ningsih, D. S. W., and Saputra, R. A. (2023). Evaluation of Regional Spatial Development on Landslide and Flood Prone with Actual Site Conditions in Kendari City. Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan, 11(1), 92-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.11.1.92-107

Aldiansyah, S., Saputra, R. A., Wahid, K. A., Madani, I., dan Ningsih, D. S. W. (2024). Rapid Flood Inundation Mapping Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 SAR: An Example from Kendari City. Jurnal Geosains dan Remote Sensing, 5(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.23960/jgrs.ft.unila.205

Aldimasqie, A. M., Saputra, A. H., dan Oktarina, S. (2022). Pemetaan Zona Rawan Banjir di Jakarta Menggunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Jurnal Environmental Science, 5(1), 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/jes.v5i1.35759

Arioka, P. K. C. K., Karang, I. W. G. A., dan Indrawan, G. S. (2022). Hubungan Strong Madden-Jullian Oscillation (MJO) Terhadap Kecepatan Angin dan Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) di Perairan Indonesia. Journal of Marine Research and Technology, 5(1), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMRT.2022.v05.i01.p07

Ariyora, Y. K. S., Budisusanto, Y., dan Prasasti, I. (2015). Pemanfaatan Data Penginderaan Jauh dan SIG untuk Analisa Banjir (Studi Kasus: Banjir Provinsi DKI Jakarta). Geoid, 10(2), 137-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962%2Fj24423998.v10i2.805

Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. [BMKG]. (2024, Maret 10). Analisis dinamika atmosfer dasarian I Maret 2024. BMKG. https://www.bmkg.go.id/berita/?lang=ID&p=analisis-dinamika-atmosfer-dasarian-i-maret-2024&tag=dinamika-atmosfer

Chen, Y., Teo, F. Y., Wong, S. Y., Chan, A., Weng, C., and Falconer, R. A. (2025). Monsoonal Extreme Rainfall in Southeast Asia: A Review. Water, 17(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010005

Deby, R., Dermawan, V., and Sisinggih, D. (2019). Analysis of Wanggu River Flood Inundation Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi Province Using HEC RAS 5.0. 6. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 4(2), 270-275.

Firdaus, M. D., Syamsuddin, M. L., dan Yulihastin, E. (2024). Ocean Contribution to Coastal Heavy Rainfall During Dry Season (Case Study of Bengkulu 2016-2022). BERKALA SAINSTEK, 12(2), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.19184/bst.v12i2.43989

Hakim, I., Niza, M., Setiawan, I., Yuni, S. M., Irwan, I., Rahimi, S. A., E., Rizan, T., Muhammad, M., Rizal, S., dan Zulfan, Z. (2025). The Relationship of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) to Rainfall in The West Waters of Aceh, Indonesia. Jurnal Pengabdian Bangsa, 4(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.61992/jpb.v4i2.205

Hermawan, E., Lubis, S. W., Harjana, T., Purwaningsih, A., Risyanto, Ridho, A., Andarini, D. F., Ratri, D. N., and Widyaningsih, R. (2022). Large-Scale Meteorological Drivers of the Extreme Precipitation Event and Devastating Floods of Early-February 2021 in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Atmosphere, 13(7), 1092. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071092

Kelley, L. C., and Prabowo, A. (2019). Flooding and Land Use Change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Land, 8(9), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8090139

Kusmardiyanti, R., Yusuf, M., Djayus, D., dan Rahmiati, R. (2022). Studi Pengaruh Suhu Permukaan Laut di Selat Makassar Terhadap Intensitas Curah Hujan Kota Balikpapan. Geosains Kutai Basin, 5(2), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.30872/geofisunmul.v5i2.794

Muhammad, F. R., Lubis, S. W., dan Setiawan, S. (2021). Impacts of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on Precipitation Extremes in Indonesia. International Journal of Climatology, 41(3), 1970-1984. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6941

Mulyana, E. (2019). Konvergensi Atmosfer Lapisan Bawah dan Hubungannya dengan Hujan Ekstrim (Studi Kasus: Banjir Cirebon 15 Februari 2017). Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 20(1), 23-29.

Muzaki, N. H., Diniyati, E., Pratama, R. R., dan Mulya, A. (2021). Analisis Kondisi Atmosfer Saat Kejadian Hujan Lebat dan Angin Kencang di Probolinggo Berdasarkan Citra Satelit dan Citra Radar. JIIF (Jurnal Ilmu dan Inovasi Fisika), 5(2), 142-156.

Pertiwi, D. A. S., dan Paski, J. A. I. (2022). Analisis Dinamika Atmosfer Kejadian Hujan Ekstrim (Studi Kasus Banjir di Tangerang Selatan 7 November 2021. Buletin Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, 2(2), 1-10.

Purwanti, S. D., Weyai, S. L., Haryanto, Y. D., dan Mulya, A. (2023). Analisis Kondisi Atmosfer Saat Kejadian Hujan Lebat di Sintang Menggunakan Satelit Cuaca dan Model ECMWF (Kasus: 30 September 2021). JPIG (Jurnal Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi), 8(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.21067/jpig.v8i1.8141

Ratnam, M. V., Santhi, Y. D., Rajeevan, M., and Rao, S. V. B. (2013). Diurnal Variability of Stability Indices Observed Using Radiosonde Observations Over a Tropical Station: Comparison with Microwave Radiometer Measurements. Atmospheric Research, 124, 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.12.007

Roy, P., Pal, S. C., Chakrabortty, R., Chowdhuri, I., Malik, S., and Das, B. (2020). Threats of Climate and Land Use Change on Future Flood Susceptibility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 272, 122757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122757

Sulistiyono, W., Ramadhan, R. S., dan Donni, Y. (2023). Kajian Kondisi Atmosfer Saat Kejadian Hujan Lebat di Kota Surakarta Menggunakan Analisis Skala Meteorologi. OPTIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika, 7(1), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.37478/optika.v7i1.2626

Vidia, T. E., Darmawan, Y., dan Widodo, W. (2025). Analisis Dinamika Atmosfer Kejadian Hujan Lebat dengan Metode Red Green Blue (RGB) dan Cloud Convective Overlays (CCO) di Balikpapan (Studi Kasus 09 Agustus 2024). Indexia, 6(2), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.30587/indexia.v6i2.9374

Wahyuningrum, D., Alfiani, O. D., dan Srinarbito, A. (2022). Pemanfaatan Informasi Geospasial untuk Manajemen Bencana. Jurnal Ilmiah Geologi PANGEA, 9(1sp), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.31315/jigp.v9i1sp.9403

You, Y., and Ting, M. (2021). Low-pressure Systems and Extreme Precipitation in Southeast and East Asian Monsoon regions. Journal of Climate, 34(3), 1147–1162. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0206.1

Zhang, C. (2021). Influence of Phase Variations of Madden-Julian Oscillation on Extreme Rainfall Events. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 73(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellusa.3233

Downloads

Published

2025-10-03

How to Cite

Safitri, A., Hidayat, R., Bahir, N., & Hemon, M. T. (2025). Dinamika Atmosfer pada Kejadian Banjir di Kota Kendari Maret 2024. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Geografi, 10(4), 480–490. https://doi.org/10.36709/jppg.v10i4.552

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Geografi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.