Evaluation of Green Open Space Needs Based on Oxygen Requirements: Implementation of the 13th Goal of The SDGs 2030
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36709/jppg.v10i2.421Keywords:
green open space, oxygen requirements, SDGs 2030, Kendari CityAbstract
Kendari City is an area experiencing rapid population growth and urbanization. Over the past two decades, the population growth rate in this area has been 1.70%/year. This condition has resulted in the conversion of green land into residential, commercial, and industrial land, which has an impact on the decline in the availability of Green Open Space and has an effect on the phenomenon of climate change. This study utilizes Sentinel 2A satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) transformation to map the distribution of Green Open Space in Kendari City. Identification of the need for Green Open Space is carried out based on oxygen needs using the modified Gerakis (1974) formula. The results of the study show that: 1) Kendari City has a total area of Green Open Space based on NDVI analysis of 19,458.94 hectares; 2) based on the analysis of oxygen needs for residents, animals, and motorized vehicles, the total area of Green Open Space needed in Kendari City is 1,927.79 hectares; and 3) the implementation of the results of this study can support the achievement of Goal 13 of the SDGs 2030 through strengthening environmental policies, increasing public awareness, and involving local communities in environmental conservation efforts. This shows that the green open space available in Kendari City is sufficient to accommodate oxygen needs so that additional green open space is not needed. Therefore, the focus of Kendari City's future policies can be shifted to the management and optimization of existing green open spaces to support broader sustainable development goals.
References
Adillasintani. (2013). Analisis Tingkat Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan RTH Pada Kawasan Perkantoran di Kota Makassar Undergraduate theses. Universitas Hasanuddin. http://repository.unhas.ac.id/id/eprint/8249/
Adole, T., Dash, J., and Atkinson, P. M. (2016). A Systematic Review of Vegetation Phenology in Africa. Ecological Informatics, 34, 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.05.004
Arsyad, N. (2017). Optimalisasi Distribusi Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di Kelurahan Banta-Bantaeng Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar. LOSARI: Jurnal Arsitektur Kota dan Pemukiman, 7-12.
Byrne, J., Sipe, N., and Searle, G. (2010). Green Around the Gills? The Challenge of Density for Urban Greenspace Planning in SEQ. Australian Planner, 47(3), 162-177.
Purwanto, A. (2022). Kota Kendari: Dari Kota Lulo Sampai Etalasenya Sulawesi Tenggara. Retrivied from https://www.kompas.id/baca/daerah/2022/02/08/kota-kendari-dari-kota-lulo-sampai-etalasenya-sulawesi-tenggara
Ardani, C., Hanafi, N., and Pribadi, T. (2013). Perkiraan Luas Ruang Terbuka Hijau untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Oksigen di Kota Palangakaraya. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 1(1), 32-38.
As-Syakur, A. R, and Adnyana, I.W.S. (2009). Analisis Indeks Vegetasi Menggunakan Citra ALOS/AVNIR-2 dan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) untuk Evaluasi Tata Ruang Kota Denpasar. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 9(1), 1-11.
Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Kendari [BPS Kota Kendari]. (2021). Rata-rata Suhu Udara (Celcius), 2021. Retrivied from https://kendarikota.bps.go.id/indicator/151/128/1/rata-rata-suhu-udara.html
Baharuddin, A. (2011). Kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Pada Kawasan Pusat Kota Jayapura. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 11(2), 297–305.
Cole, H. V. S., Triguero-Mas, M., Connolly, J. J. T., and Anguelovski, I. (2019). Determining the Health Benefits of Green Space: Does Gentrification Matter?. Health and Place, 57, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.02.001
Effendi, S. (2007). Keterkaitan Ruang Terbuka Hijau dengan Urban Heat Island Wilayah Jabotabek. Theses. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Gómez-Baggethun, E., and Barton, D. N. (2013). Classifying and Valuing Ecosystem Services for Urban Planning. Ecological Economics, 86, 235–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.019
Haase, D., Kabisch, S., Haase, A., Andersson, E., Banzhaf, E., Baró, F., Brenck, M., Fischer, L. K., Frantzeskaki, N., Kabisch, N., Krellenberg, K., Kremer, P., Kronenberg, J., Larondelle, N., Mathey, J., Pauleit, S., Ring, I., Rink, D., Schwarz, N., and Wolff, M. (2017). Greening Cities – To Be Socially Inclusive? About the Alleged Paradox of Society and Ecology In Cities. Habitat International, 64, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.04.005
Julien, Y., and Sobrino, J. A. (2009). Global Land Surface Phenology Trends from GIMMS Database. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 30(13), 3495–3513. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802562255
Kabisch, N., and Van Den Bosch, M. A. (2017). Urban green spaces and the potential for health improvement and environmental justice in a changing climate. Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas: Linkages between Science, Policy and Practice, 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5_12
Kasmin, M. F. R., Akhbar, A., and Arianingsih, I. (2016). Analisis Temporal Perubahan Lahan Hutan Mangrove di Kecamatan Balinggi Kabupaten Parigi Moutong. Jurnal Warta Rimba, 4(1), 34-41.
Kusumandari, A. (2014). Soil Erodibility of Several Types of Green Open Space Areas in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20, 732–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.087
Madureira, H., Andresen, T., and Monteiro, A. (2018). Green Infrastructure and Public Health in Urban Settings: From Evidence to Policy Practice. Sustainability, 10(5), 1433.
Mangunsong, I., and Sihite, J. (1994). Prediksi Kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Jakarta Barat Tahun 2005. Majalah Trisakti, (14), 17–22.
Nowak, D. J., and Crane, D. E. (2002). Carbon Storage and Sequestration by Urban Trees in the USA. Environmental Pollution, 116(3), 381–389.
Nowak, D. J., Hoehn, R., and Crane, D. E. (2007). Oxygen Production by Urban Trees in the United States. Arboriculture dan Urban Forestry, 33(3), 220–226.
Pastor-Guzman, J., Dash, J., and Atkinson, P. M. (2018). Remote Sensing of Mangrove Forest Phenology and its Environmental Drivers. Remote Sensing of Environment, 205, 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.11.009
Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Nomor 05/PRT/M/2008 Tentang Pedoman Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kawasan Perkotaan. https://jdih.pu.go.id/detail-dokumen/1236/1
Prahasta, E. (2008). Remote Sensing. Bandung: CV. Informatika.
Prasetia, H., Riduan, R., and Annisa, N. (2018). Variasi Kemampuan Beberapa Jenis Pohon dalam Menyerap CO2 Pada Taman Kota Banjarbaru. Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan), 4(2). https://doi.org/10.20527/jukung.v4i2.6586
Rijal, S. (2008). Kebutuhan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Makassar Tahun 2007 Hingga 2017. Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat, 3(1 Mei), 65–77.
Santi., Belinda, S, and Dianty, H. (2017). Identifikasi Potensi UHI terhadap RTH dan Kenyamanan Thermal pada Taman Walikota di Kota Kendari. Prosiding Temu Ilmiah IPLBI E141–E148. https://doi.org/10.32315/ti.6.e141
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang. https://jdih.maritim.go.id/cfind/source/files/uu/uu-nomor-26-tahun-2007.pdf
Waas, H. J., and Nababan, B. (2010). Mapping and Index Vegetation Analyses of Mangrove in Saparua Island, Central Moluccas. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 2(1), 50-58.
Wisesa, S.P.C. (1988). Studi Pengembangan Hutan Kota di Wilayah Kota Madya Bogor. Jurusan Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan IPB.
Wolch, J. R., Byrne, J., and Newell, J. P. (2014). Urban Green Space, Public Health, and Environmental Justice: The Challenge of Making Cities ‘Just Green Enough.’ Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.01.017
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Geografi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
